同时，哈姆雷特也是该剧主人公丹麦王子的名字。
剧情
哈姆雷特描述了这样一个故事：
丹麦国王哈姆雷特突然逝世后不到两个月，王后乔特鲁德就和国王的弟弟、新国王克劳狄斯结了婚。这一连串事情在朝中引起了议论，有些大臣认为乔特鲁德轻率无情，居然嫁给了可憎卑下起克劳狄斯。甚至有人怀疑克劳狄斯是为了篡位娶嫂，卑鄙害死了已故的国王。
受刺激最深的还是王子小哈姆雷特。因为哈姆雷特总是把他已故的父亲当作偶像来崇拜，所以最令他难受的倒还不是没能继承照理来说应由他继承的王位，而是母亲乔特鲁德很快就忘记了和老国王的恩爱。在哈姆雷特看来，这桩婚事是十分不正当的，用“乱伦”两个字来形容是再恰当也不过了。悲痛和郁闷使年轻王子昔日惯有的快乐荡然无存，在他眼里，一切高洁的花卉全都枯死了，倒是种草却在那里疯长。新王和王后想尽了办法叫他快活起来，但哈姆雷特总是穿着黑色的丧服来表示他的哀悼，甚至在新王举行结婚大礼的那一天，他仍旧身着丧服以示鄙视。
在无数天悲哀的日子里，年轻的王子反复思量着他敬爱的父亲是怎样死的。虽然克劳狄斯宣称国王是给一条蛇咬死的，但敏锐的哈姆雷特怀疑克劳狄斯就是那条蛇，而且，他猜测母亲乔特鲁德也有可能参予了谋杀。这些怀疑和猜测困扰着哈姆雷特，直到有一天他听说鬼魂的事，整个宫廷阴谋才开始显露出轮廓。
有学问的霍拉旭是哈姆雷特的好朋友。他和宫廷警卫马西勒斯曾在夜半看见过一个鬼魂，长得和已故的国王一样，乌黑的胡子略带些银色，穿着一套大家都很熟悉的盔甲，悲哀而且愤怒地走过城堡的高台。一到子夜他就来了，哨兵对他讲话，他好像作出要说话的样子，但这时鸡鸣天亮了，鬼魂就消失了。当霍拉旭向哈姆雷特讲起此事时，困惑中的王子立刻相信了，他断定这一定是父王的鬼魂，他认为鬼魂这样出现一定不会是无缘无故，说不定有什么冤屈的事要讲，尽管鬼魂一直没开口，但哈姆雷特认为父亲会对儿子说的。于是，王于决定当天晚上和哨兵一起去守夜，好见到父王的鬼魂。
哈姆雷特焦急地等待黑夜的到来。天刚黑，他就和霍拉旭、马西勒斯等人登上了鬼魂经常出没的高台。月冷星稀，朔风刺骨，给鬼魂的出现更添了几分寒冷的前奏。正当他们谈着天气的时候，霍拉旭打断了池们的谈话。说鬼魂出现了。
哈姆雷特看见鬼魂果然和霍拉旭他们描述的一模一样，起初他又惊奇又害怕，他还祈求天神保佑他们，因为他不知道鬼魂是善是恶，更不知道它带来的是祸是福。可是渐渐的他觉得父王的鬼魂并没有什么恶意，只是悲哀地望着他，好像很想跟他说话。哈姆雷特胆子就大了起来，走向前去，望着和父亲无甚两样的鬼魂，情不自禁地喊道：“国王，父亲！”恳求他说说为什么不好端端地安息在坟墓里，却要离开那里出现在月光底下的高台上？他请鬼魂告诉他怎样才能平息它不安的灵魂。于是，鬼魂就示意哈姆雷特跟它到人少僻静的地方去好一吐为快。霍拉旭他们竭力劝阻哈姆雷特不要跟鬼魂去，生怕鬼魂露出狞恶的面目吓坏了年轻的王子。但睿智的哈姆雷特早就盘算着揭开父王暴毙的秘密，怎肯放弃这样的机会？至于生命，他早就看得透了，而他的灵魂，既然也同样是永生的，鬼魂又怎能加害于它呢？所以年轻的王子突然觉得像狮子一样强悍，挣脱了霍拉旭们的阻碍，跟着鬼魂走了。
当四处无人的时候，鬼魂打破了沉默，说它正是哈姆雷特父亲的鬼魂。鬼魂说他是被人害死的，凶手就是他的亲弟弟克劳狄斯，目的是为篡夺王位、霸占王嫂。当老国王照老习惯午后在花园里睡觉的时候，歹毒的克劳狄斯趁他熟睡的时候，偷偷溜进花园，把毒草汁灌进国王的耳朵和眼睛里。那致命的毒汁像水银泻地一样流进了他全身的血管里，烧干了血液，并使皮肤到处长起硬壳似的疮。这样，卑鄙的弟弟夺去了他王兄的生命，篡夺了王位，霸占了王嫂。鬼魂请求哈姆雷特说，要是他确实崇拜和挚爱他父亲的话，那他一定要向那卑鄙的凶手复仇。鬼魂又喟叹说没想到恩爱多年的妻子居然如此寡廉鲜耻，轻易地就投入谋杀她丈夫的凶手的怀抱。但鬼魂又嘱咐哈姆雷特在复仇时千万不可伤害到他的母亲，让上帝去裁决她，让她不安的良心时时刺痛她自己就够了。 哈姆雷特含泪听完了鬼魂的控诉，答应鬼魂一切都按它的吩咐去办，鬼魂这才放心地消逝了。
哈姆雷特立誓要把他所记得的所有事情，包括他从书本及阅历里学到的东西统统忘掉，只剩下鬼魂告诉他的话和要他做的事来支配他的脑子和身体。这个秘密，哈姆雷特只谨慎地告诉了密友霍拉旭一个人。他吩咐马西勒斯等人对那晚上所看到的一切都要绝对地保守秘密。
在得知这个宫廷阴谋之前，精神的痛苦就使哈姆雷特的身体虚弱，精神颓唐，鬼魂揭开秘密又在他心灵上增加了极其沉重的负担。哈姆雷特生怕这样下去会引起克劳狄斯的注意，认为哈姆雷特知道许多内情而要对付他，因此存起什么戒心来。于是王子就作出了一个奇特而大胆的决定：假装发疯。这样一来，克劳狄斯可能就不会认为他有什么图谋，也不会有什么猜忌了。而且，假装发疯不但可以巧妙地掩盖他内心中的真实的不安，也可以给他机会冷眼窥视克劳狄斯的一举一动。
自此，哈姆雷特在言语、服饰及各种行动上都装得疯癫怪诞。他装疯十分肖似，以至国王和王后都被他哄骗了过去。他们压根儿不知道鬼魂揭秘的事，所以认为哈姆雷特的发疯除悲悼他父亲的逝世外，一定还有爱情的折磨，而且，国王和王后还自作聪明地看出来王子爱上了哪一位姑娘。在所有的变故发生之前，哈姆雷特确实爱上了一个叫做奥菲利姬的美丽姑娘，她是御前大臣波洛涅斯的女儿。哈姆雷特曾经给她写过情书、送过礼物，有过许多热辣辣的爱情表白，正大光明地向这位纯洁美丽的少女求过爱，她也肯相信所有王子的海誓山盟都是真挚的。自从哈姆雷特定下装疯的计策，他就故意显出一副对可爱的姑娘非常冷酷无情的样子来。好心的奥菲利娅倒并没有怎样怪他，只是觉得王子的冷漠决非他的本意，而完完全全是因为他的疯病。她认为王子以前的高贵和睿智仿佛是一串美妙的铃铛能奏出非常动听的音乐，可是现在悲痛和忧郁损毁了他的心灵和理智，所以铃铛只能发出一片刺耳的怪响。
尽管哈姆雷特的复仇大事充斥了血腥味道，和求爱的罗曼蒂克很不相称，同时在他看来爱情这种悠闲的感情和他的责任也是格格不入的，可是他有时仍情不自禁地思念起可爱的奥菲利娅。有一次哈姆雷特突然觉自己的冷酷好没道理，就写了一封满篇狂热夸张词藻的信给奥菲利娅，什么可以怀疑星星不是一团火，怀疑太阳不会动，怀疑真理是谎言，可是永远不要怀疑他的爱情……等等。这狂躁的表现很符合他的疯癫的外表，但字里行间倒也不免稍稍露出一些儿柔情，好让这位好姑娘不能不承认哈姆雷特在心里是深深爱着她的。奥菲利娅把这封信拿给她的老父亲看了，于是国王和王后也清清楚楚地知道了什么才使聪明的王子发疯的。母后乔特鲁德倒真心希望哈姆雷特是为了奥菲利娅的美貌才发起疯来的，那么，姑娘的温柔是很可以叫哈姆雷特恢复到原样的。
可是哈姆雷特的心病是远非他母亲所能想象的。丹麦王子的脑海里旦旦夕夕想的都是他父亲的鬼魂，是为父亲复仇的神圣命令。每天每时的拖宕在他看来都是罪恶的，都会破坏命令的神圣。但那国王整天有卫兵保护，而且总是和乔特鲁德在一起，想要杀了国王不是那么容易的。另外，篡位者恰好是他母亲现在的丈夫，这使他分外痛心，要真动起手来就更犹豫不决了。天性温柔敦厚的哈姆雷特本来就认为把一个同类活活杀死，是讨厌而且可怕的。再加上他长时期的忧郁和颓唐也使他摇摆不定、无所适从，所以一直没能采取果断的行动。再说他听说魔鬼是摇身百变的，或许它变成了他父亲的样子来叫他去杀人也未可知，于是他决定不能单凭幻象或幽灵的指使去行事，一定要有真实的根据才行。
正当哈姆雷特心意闪烁不定的时候，宫里来了个戏班子，这便给了王子一个试探的机会。哈姆雷特以前就很喜欢看他们演的戏，特别是里头有个演员表演特洛伊老王普里阿摩斯的被杀和王后赫卡柏的悲痛这样一段悲剧的台词，常令哈姆雷特感动不已。哈姆雷特亲自去向戏班子表示欢迎，说是过去听了那段台词是多么地难以忘怀，并要求那个演员再表演一次。那个演员果然又活灵活现地演了一遍，演那个老国王如何被人残忍地谋害，城池和百姓如何遭灾，王后如何疯子般光着脚在宫里跑来跑去，本该戴王冠的头上蒙了一块破布，本该披着王袍的腰里却裹了一条毯子。这场戏演得非常逼真生动，不仅流出了眼泪，观看的人也都以为他们看到的是真的事情而感动得流下了眼泪。
哈姆雷特心里有些别扭，他想到那个演员仅仅说了一段编造的台词，居然便动起情来，为千年前的古人赫卡帕流下同情的泪，那么他哈姆雷特该有多么迟钝，因为他有真正该恸哭的原因——一个真正的国王，一个慈爱的父亲给谋杀了，——然而他居然如此无动于衷，好像他已经忘了要复仇似的。不过，这件事还是给了哈姆雷特一个启发，他想一出演得逼真的好戏对观众的影响是巨大的，有些奸诈的凶手往往会在观看表演时，由于场面和情节的相似，良心发现，居然会当场招供自己所犯的罪行。那么，克劳狄斯是否也会这样呢？于是，哈姆雷特决定叫这个戏班子在他叔叔面前表演鬼魂所说的谋杀场面，然后仔细观察克劳狄斯的神情反应来确定他究竟是不是凶手。
照王子吩咐准备的一出戏是讲发生在维也纳的一件谋杀公爵的案件的。被害的公爵叫贡扎古，他的妻子叫白普蒂丝姐。说是公爵的近亲琉西安纳斯为了霸占贡扎古的家产，便在花园里毒死了公爵，并骗取了公爵夫人的委身。国王和王后都应邀前来看戏。国王压根儿不知道他上了哈姆雷特的当，当他和大臣们坐下来看戏时，哈姆雷特便坐在他旁边，好仔细地察看他的神情。那出戏的开头便是贡扎古和白普蒂丝姐的谈话。那妻子再三向丈夫表白她至死不渝的爱，说是假如贡扎古先死了，她决不会再嫁，如果哪一天她再嫁了，便会招致报应。还说是除了那些谋杀亲夫的毒妇，没有哪个女人会再嫁的。哈姆雷特发现国王和王后听到这段话时脸色顿时就变了。而当剧情发展到琉西安纳斯把毒药灌进在花园里熟睡的贡扎古的耳里时，哈姆雷特发现那个篡位的小人再也看不下去了，他忽然大喊点起火炬回宫，装作身体不舒服的样子，匆匆离开了剧场。现在哈姆雷特终于能断定鬼魂说的全是实话，绝非是他的什么幻象。在这个一直困扰着他的疑问霍然得到解决后，哈姆雷特感到很畅快。他对霍拉旭说，如今他的的确确知道他敬爱的父王是被克劳狄斯谋害了的。
正当哈姆雷特盘算着该如何去报仇时，王后却派人叫他去后宫谈话。乔特鲁德是奉克劳狄斯之命去叫哈姆雷特的，克劳狄斯让王后向哈姆雷特表示，他俩都很不高兴他刚才的举止。篡位的国王生怕出自母亲的天性乔特鲁德会偏袒儿子，可能会隐匿起一些他很想知道的话来，所以就吩咐御前大臣波洛涅斯躲在王后内宫的帷幕后面。这个安排非常适合老波洛涅斯的心意，他在多年的勾心斗角的宫廷生活中平稳地混到了御前大臣的位置，深知用诡计来刺探内幕的诀窍。
当哈姆雷特来到后宫时，王后先是很温婉地责备了他的举止行为，说王子已经开罪于他的“父亲”了，当然，她指的是新国王克劳狄斯。哈姆雷特听到她把“父亲”这样一个听起来令人肃然起敬的称呼用在一个卑污之徒身上时非常吃惊和生气，毫不客气地冲着乔特鲁德说：“母亲，我想是你大大地得罪了我的父亲。”王后胀红着脸说他在胡说。哈姆雷特反驳道：“既然你那样问法，我就应该这样回答。”王后恼怒地说：“你莫非忘了在和谁说话？”哈姆雷特一声冷笑，“我但愿能忘记，但我又不能忘记，你确确实实是王后，你丈夫的弟弟的妻子兼我的母亲。”王后勃然大怒：“你竟敢对我如此无礼。我只好去找那些会说话的人来了。”她的意思是要去找克劳狄斯或波洛涅斯。
哈姆雷特想，既然好不容易有个机会单独跟王后在一起，总得想办法叫她意识到自己的堕落来，于是就抓住王后的手腕不让她走，按住她让她坐下来了。哈姆雷特的这种强横态度叫王后十分害怕，担心他由于疯狂会做出伤害她的事来，于是就大声嚷了起来。而此时躲在帷幕后面的波洛涅斯惊恐万状地大喊道：“救命啊！快来人救王后啊！”哈姆雷特以为是国王藏在那里，心想机会来了，于是拔出佩剑向幕布后刺去。喊叫声嘎然而止，哈姆雷特以为国王克劳狄斯一定死了。当他把尸体拖出来一看却是御前大臣波洛涅斯。
“瞧瞧！”王后大声嚷着，“你干了一件多么残忍的事啊！”
“是的，母亲，确实很残忍，”哈姆雷特回答说，“但不比杀了一个国王又嫁了他弟弟的行为更残忍！”
哈姆雷特想打开天窗说亮话，所以就坦白地说了出来。他认为对于父母的过错，作儿女的应尽量宽容，但这种过错如严重到一定地步，那么连儿子也是可以严厉地责备母亲的。他责备王后不该水性杨花很快就忘记先王，投入凶手的怀抱；不该轻易就忘记对先王的誓言。如果这样的话，那足以让人怀疑女人的一切誓言，一切所谓的美德也会变得虚伪，婚约还比不上赌徒的诺言，宗教也只是玩笑的空话。悲愤的王子指出王后的行为上愧于天下愧于地。为了让颤抖的王后更好地悔悟，哈姆雷特拿出两幅肖像，一幅是先王，王后的第一个丈夫，一幅是新王，王后的第二个丈夫。哈姆雷特说：“瞧，我的父王，他的额头有多么慈祥，气概有多么非凡！他的卷发像太阳神，前额像天神，眼睛像战神，他的姿势像刚降落在吻着苍天的山峰上的传信神。你再来看这一个，多像是害虫和霉菌，因为他居然戕残了他强健的兄长。”
正当哈姆雷特正在问王后乔特鲁德她怎么还能跟那个谋害了先王、窃取王位的凶手继续生活下去时，他父亲的鬼魂出现了，只有哈姆雷特一个人能够看到，无论哈姆雷特怎么指出鬼魂所站的地方，王后都不能看见，她很害怕地看着哈姆雷特对着空中说话，以为哈姆雷特仍旧在发疯。哈姆雷特问鬼魂来干什么，鬼魂说他是来提醒哈姆雷特不要忘记替他报仇的诺言的。鬼魂又说，要去和他母亲说话，不然她会因为悲伤和恐惧而死掉的。鬼魂走后，哈姆雷特恳求王后不要以为他疯了而把鬼魂引到人间，真正使鬼魂出现的原因恰恰是她自己的罪过。他恳求王后对上帝承认过去的罪孽，离开国王。要是王后以真正的母亲的样子来对待他，那他也会以真正的儿子的态度来祈求上苍保佑她。王后终于感动了，答应照他说的去做。
和王后的谈话结束后，哈姆雷特的心情平静了一些。他看到不幸被他莽撞地杀死的老波洛涅斯的尸体时，王子伤心地哭了，因为这是他心爱的姑娘奥菲利娅的父亲啊！
波洛涅斯的死给了克劳狄斯对付哈姆雷特的借口。按照国王的本意是要把他视为隐患的哈姆雷特杀死，但又怕拥戴哈姆雷特的百姓不答应，况且也怕毕竟是爱儿子的王后的阻挠，所以，波洛涅斯的身亡使国王可以借口把王子驱逐出境。狡诈的克劳狄斯要哈姆雷特由两个大臣陪同坐船到英国去，以避免所谓的处分。当时的英国是向北欧强国丹麦纳贡的属国，所以克劳狄斯给英国朝廷写了封信，编造了一些理由，要他们把哈姆雷特处死。聪明的哈姆雷特怀疑这里面肯定有名堂，于是在夜里偷偷从那两个大臣处拿到那封信，巧妙地把自己的名字擦掉，而换上那两个大臣的名字。不久，座船受到海盗的袭击，哈姆雷特勇敢地拿着剑杀上了敌人的船，不料他自己的座船却怯懦地溜之大吉了。那两个大臣把他丢下，带着改过的信件急急忙忙跑到英国去接受应得的惩罚了。
海盗俘虏了王子以后，倒对这个高贵的敌人十分客气，不久就把他放了，希望王子在朝中替他们说些好话。当哈姆雷特返回王城后，见到的却是一片悲惨的景象，那便是哈姆雷特曾经挚爱过的美丽姑娘奥菲利娅的葬礼。自从可怜的老波洛涅斯死了过后，这个未知世事的年轻姑娘受了很大刺激，神经也变得不正常起来，因为她没想到可怜的老父亲居然惨死在她所爱恋的王子手里。她到处疯疯癫癫地跑来跑去，把一束束鲜花撒给宫里的女人们，说是在给她父亲举行葬礼；又时常唱一些爱情和死亡的歌儿，仿佛以前发生的事情全都给忘记了。她喜欢痴痴地坐在一条小河边，那条小河的边上斜斜地长着柳树，叶子倒映在水面上。有一天，她趁人不备又偷偷溜了出来，来到小河旁，用雏菊、荨麻、野花和杂草编结了一只小小的花圈，然后爬上一棵柳树，想把花圈挂到伸向河中的柳条上，可是树枝一下折断了；美丽纯洁的奥菲利娅便带着她编的花圈掉进了水里。开始她还靠柔软的衣衫托着在水里浮了一阵，还断断续续哼唱几句不知是什么的曲儿，仿佛一点儿也没在意自己遭受的灭顶之灾，或者仿佛她本来就是生活在水里的精灵一样。可是没多久，她的衣服就给河水浸泡得沉重了起来，她还没来得及唱完那支婉转的歌儿，就沉入水里，一缕芳魂悠悠地上了天堂。
当哈姆雷特回到王城时，奥菲利娅的哥哥、从法国回来的雷欧提斯正在为不幸的夭亡的美丽姑娘举行葬礼，国王克劳狄斯、王后乔特鲁德和所有重要的朝臣都到了。一开始哈姆雷特不知道他们在举行什么丧葬仪式，只是默默地站在一旁，不想去惊动大家。他看见他们按照处女葬礼的规矩，在奥菲利娅坟上洒满了芬芳的鲜花。花是由王后乔特鲁德亲自撒的，她边撒边说道：“唉，鲜花本应是撒在美丽的姑娘身上的！奥菲利娅，我本来满心希望用鲜花来铺满你的婚床的，可爱的姑娘啊，没想到却是撒到了你的坟墓上了。你本来应该做我儿哈姆雷特的妻子的。”接着，一向挚爱妹妹的雷欧提斯又喃喃地说，希望奥菲利娅的坟头上长出紫罗兰来，然后雷欧提斯又发疯似地跳进了奥菲利娅的坟坑，悲恸得死去活来，并且吩咐侍从拿土来堆在他身上，让他和亲爱的妹妹奥菲利娅埋葬在一起。看着这一切，哈姆雷特对奥菲利娅的炽爱又从心头涌起，他不能容忍一个仅仅作为哥哥的人悲哀到这个程度，因为骄傲的王子觉得他自己对奥菲利娅的爱远远比四万个哥哥的爱加起来还要深。所以，处于感情煎熬中的哈姆雷特不顾一切地跳了出来，比雷欧提斯更为疯狂地跳进了奥菲利娅的坟坑。冲动的雷欧提斯认出这便是他全家的仇人哈姆雷特，因为他的老父和幼妹都是因为这个该死的哈姆雷特而死掉的，于是就冲上前去，死命地掐住哈姆雷特的脖子，众侍众赶紧上前才算把他们拉开。葬礼之后，哈姆雷特向大家道歉说，他刚才的举止太鲁莽了，叫人以为他竟然要和雷欧提斯大动干戈而跳进了坟坑；他解释说他不能容忍竟然还有谁为了美丽的奥菲利娅的死而显得比他哈姆雷特更悲伤。这样一来，两个高贵而又都高傲的青年似乎暂时讲了和。
可是歹毒的国王却不想放过哈姆雷特，于是他就利用雷欧提斯对其父亲妹妹惨死所感到的内心忿愤，设奸计来谋害哈姆雷特。奸王唆使雷欧提斯假装言归于好而向哈姆雷特作出貌似友好的比剑挑战。哈姆雷特当然毫不犹豫地接受了这个看上去并无恶意的挑战，并且约定了比赛的日子。比剑的那天，宫中所有重要人物都在场，因为大家都知道哈姆雷特和雷欧提斯两人都精擅剑术，所以朝臣们都各自为两位剑客下了为数不小的赌注。照一般的规矩，这种友好的比剑应该用圆头不开刃的钝剑，但毒辣的国王却操纵了被仇恨所支配的雷欧提斯，让他使用一把涂了致命毒药的开刃尖头剑。所以当哈姆雷特挑了一把钝剑时，他已堕入国王的奸计，他一点儿也没怀疑雷欧提斯有什么不良企图，也没有检查雷欧提斯的剑。比剑开始了，起初，雷欧提斯没拿出真实本领来，故意让哈姆雷特占些上风，好趁他掉以轻心之时全力一击；而这时国王克劳狄斯也故意称赞哈姆雷特的胜利，大声喝着彩，频频为哈姆雷特的胜利干杯，还下了很大的赌注，赌并不占多少上风的哈姆雷特一定能赢。这一切都是为了分散哈姆雷特的心神，以便雷欧提斯能发起犀利的一击。果然，几个回合过后，哈姆雷特剑势就有些松弛，这时，雷欧提斯凶狠地拿出了看家本领，用毒剑一下刺中了哈姆雷特。哈姆雷特虽然还不知道全部阴谋，但这一击也激起了他的怒火和勇气。激烈的拼斗中，哈姆雷特终于夺过那把毒剑并用它回敬了雷欧提斯一下，这下，雷欧提斯便成了国王奸计和自己的愚蠢的双重牺牲品。正在这紧张的时刻，王后的惨叫又增添了几分不祥色彩。原来，奸王特地给哈姆雷特准备下一杯有毒的饮料，以便哈姆雷特比剑时喝下去毒死他。这是一个多重的毒计，即便雷欧提斯的毒剑没能刺死哈姆雷特，这杯下了烈性毒药的饮料也足以要了哈姆雷特的性命。但国王忘了事先关照王后，所以当王后喝下那杯饮料时，刚来得及说她中了毒就倒地身亡了。
哈姆雷特顿时意识到这是又一个谋杀阴谋。于是他喝令把门关起来谁也不准外出，他要查出究竟是谁干的。这时垂死的雷欧提斯觉得自己已深深地挨了哈姆雷特一剑，肯定是无救了，于是尚未泯灭的良心促使他招认了一切。他叫哈姆雷特不用查谁是凶手了，元凶是克劳狄斯，他自己也给克劳狄斯的奸计给害了。雷欧提斯请求哈姆雷特原谅他这个出卖朋友的人，告诉哈姆雷特说剑头上涂了国王的毒药，哈姆雷特已经活不过半个小时了，什么灵丹妙药都已救不了他了。说完这一切，雷欧提斯便死去了。哈姆雷特眼看自己快要死了，就拼起残存的力量猛地向奸诈的国王扑去，把毒剑插进了奸王的胸膛，当即杀死了这个谋害他全家的凶手。哈姆雷特实现了他答应鬼魂的诺言，让这个卑污的凶手遭到了报应。
奄奄一息的哈姆雷特用最后一口气要求亲眼目睹这场悲剧的好朋友霍拉旭一定要坚强地活下去，重义气轻生死的霍拉旭想跟王子一快死。他告诉霍拉旭要把全部秘密公诸于众。当霍拉旭含着眼泪答应他一定忠实地这样做时，高贵的王子哈姆雷特便与世长辞了。霍拉旭和其余人都流着泪祈祷天使保佑王子的灵魂。大家都觉得，要是哈姆雷特没死的话，他一定会成为一个最尊贵、最得人心、最仁慈、宽厚的丹麦国王。
This is the sad story of Hamlet, young Prince of Denmark, whose father died two months before the story begins. Hamlet' s father was King of Denmark and Hamlet was his only son. The king died a strange death while he was sleeping in the garden of his castle. It was believed that he had been bitten to death by a poisonous snake. He was such a wise and kind king that he was loved by all the people in the nation. His son, Hamlet, of course, loved him far more than anyone else in the world.
Hamlet was so sad and sorrowful that he never stopped wearing black clothes. There was something else which made Hamlet even sadder. His mother, Gertrude, married Hamlet' s uncle, Claudius, who was a brother of the late king. After Hamlet' s father died, Claudius became King of Denmark and married Gertrude. Young Hamlet did not like him because he was not as wise and kind as his father. He was a man of unkindly character. Hamlet did not in the least want his mother to marry such a man. He became angry with both of them and came to despise his mother as well as his uncle.
这是讲述年轻丹麦王子哈姆雷特的悲伤故事，他的父亲在故事开始前两个月去世。哈姆雷特的父亲是丹麦国王，而哈姆雷特则是他的独生子。国王在城堡的花园中睡觉时突然离奇地死去，大家都认为他是被一条毒蛇给咬死的。他是一位睿智仁慈的国王，因此全国人民都很爱戴他。当然，国王的儿子哈姆雷特要比世上的任何人更爱他。
哈姆雷特很伤心难过，因此他一直穿着黑色的丧服。另外还有一件令哈姆雷特更加伤心的事，那就是他的母亲葛楚德嫁给哈姆雷特的叔叔克劳迪斯，也就是已故国王的弟弟。在哈姆雷特的父亲去世之后，克劳迪斯成为丹麦的国王并且取了葛楚德。年轻的哈姆雷特并不喜欢他的叔叔，因为他不像自己的父亲那么睿智仁慈，他是一个本性无情的人。哈姆雷特一点也不愿意他的母亲嫁给这种男人。他对他们俩感到非常气愤，因而看不起他的母亲和叔叔。
The bell of the castle was ringing. It was exactly midnight. Suddenly a ghost in the form of the late king appeared in the darkness. It looked pale and sad. Looking at the ghost, the two guards of the castle and Horatio, Hamlet' s best friend, were surprised and terrified. They wondered if something bad was going to happen in Denmark. They decided to tell their prince what they had seen .
The next day they went to Hamlet and told him that they had seen the ghost of King Hamlet. Hamlet doubted it at first, but wanted to make sure himself. He asked them to take him to see the ghost that night. They agreed.
Late at night Hamlet, Horatio and one of the guards went to the top of the walls. It was very cold and dark there. Some time after they got there, the ghost in armor suddenly appeared out of the darkness. As his friends had told him, Hamlet saw that the ghost was exactly like his dead father.
He called out, "King, Father! Why did you come here out of the grave?"
The ghost did not answer him, but looked at him sadly and made a sign for him to follow. His friends did not want to let Hamlet follow the ghost because they thought it might be an evil spirit and do something badto him. But he did follow the ghost. While Hamlet and the ghost walked away into the darkness, his friends had to wait anxiously there worrying about his safe return .
At the end of the walls of the castle the ghost stopped and began to talk to Hamlet, "I am the ghost of your father. I wanted to rule Denmark peacefully until you grew up and became king after me. But two months ago, while I was sleeping in the beautiful garden of the castle, my brother Claudius came and put poison into my ear. I was instantly killed. Hamlet! Be brave and kill him for me. But never kill or hurt my wife, for she is your mother. Let her repent for what she has done. That is enough for her. What I have told you is true. I tell you again. I was not killed by a poisonous snake, but by my brother Claudius. Never forget what I have told you, my dear son. Good-bye, Hamlet!"
Then the ghost disappeared into the mist of the dark sky. Upon hearing this, Hamlet became excited and was even more furious with Claudius and his mother. He made up his mind to kill his uncle and let his mother repent for her sins.
城堡里的钟声响起，此刻正是午夜。突然间一个外形很像已故国王的鬼魂在暗处出现。它的脸色看起来很苍白、悲伤。城堡的两个卫兵和哈姆雷特的挚友荷瑞修看到这鬼魂时，感到非常吃惊害怕。他们怀疑是否有不祥的事会在丹麦发生。他们决定把亲眼看到的事告诉王子。
隔天，他们去见哈姆雷特并且告诉他，他们曾看见过哈姆雷特国王的鬼魂。哈姆雷特起先对这件事感到怀疑，但他想要亲自去证实这件事。他要他们当晚带他去看那个鬼魂，他们同意了。深夜，哈姆雷特，荷瑞修和一名守卫三人来到城墙顶，那里非常寒冷、阴暗，就在他们到达后不久，这个身穿盔甲的鬼魂突然从黑暗之中出现。哈姆雷特看到这个鬼魂跟他死去的父亲简直一模一样，就如他的朋友告诉他的。
他大声地叫:“国王，我的父亲！您为什么离开坟墓到这里来？”鬼魂没有回答他的话，但却很悲伤地看着他，并对他做了个手势，示意他跟着它去。哈姆雷特的朋友不想让他跟着鬼魂走，因为他们认为它可能是邪恶的鬼魂，而且会对他不利。但是哈姆雷特仍然跟着鬼魂而去。当哈姆雷特和鬼魂离去走入黑暗之中时，他的朋友们只得在那儿焦虑地等待并担忧他能否平安地回来。
在城墙的尽头，鬼魂停下脚步，开始对哈姆雷特说：“我是你父亲的鬼魂，我本想和平地统治丹麦直到你长大成人继承我的王位。但是两个月前，当我在城堡里美丽的花园中睡觉时，我的弟弟克劳迪斯走到我身边把毒药塞入我的一只耳朵里。我立即就被他毒死了。哈姆雷特！勇敢点替我杀了他，但是绝不要杀害或伤害我的妻子，因为他是你的母亲。让她去为她所做的事后悔，这对她来说已经够了。我所告诉你的都是事实。我再告诉你一遍，我不是被毒蛇咬死的，而是被我的弟弟克劳迪斯害死的。一定要记住我告诉你的事，我亲爱的儿子，再见了，哈姆雷特。”
然后鬼魂在满布雾气的夜空中消失不见。哈姆雷特一听到这个秘密，显得激动万分并对克劳迪斯和他的母亲更加愤恨不已。他决定要杀死他的叔叔并让他的母亲为她的罪行忏悔。
Hamlet' s friends were anxious about him and came to look for him. They found Hamlet kneeling down and looking up at the dark sky praying to God. Hamlet noticed them coming to him. He stood up and sincerely asked them not to tell anyone what had happened that night. They all agreed and made a firm promise not to tell anyone about it, swearing on Hamlet' s sword.
That very night Hamlet decided to pretend that he had gone mad in order to have a better chance to kill Claudius. He decided not to tell his plan to any of his friends except Horatio .
Since Hamlet saw the ghost, he had often thought of his dead father and of his promise to the ghost. He became sadder each day. He was not a young, merry prince as he used to be. Before his father' s death, he was interested in many things, such as books, art, music and plays. But now he gave them all up. To everyone, he seemed to act very strangely. He became rude to everyone in the castle and behaved like a mad man.
He hardly ever spoke to Ophelia , a beautiful lady whom he had deeply loved. Before, they would talk happily and take walks in the woods near the castle. He would talk to her so sweetly and gently that Ophelia was deeply in love with him. But now he was quite different. Therefore, Polonius, Ophelia' s father, did not want his daughter to love Hamlet anymore because of his strange behavior.
哈姆雷特的朋友们很担心他的安危就来寻找他，他们发现哈姆雷特跪在地上，望着黑暗的天空向上帝祈祷。哈姆雷特注意到他们来了，便站了起来，很诚挚地要求他们不要把当晚发生的事告诉任何人。他们全都答应了，并且对着哈姆雷特的剑发誓，许下坚定的承诺绝不把这件事告诉任何人。
就在那天晚上，哈姆雷特决定装疯以便有更好的机会去杀克劳迪斯。除了荷瑞修之外，他决定不把他的计划告诉他的任何朋友。
自从哈姆雷特见过父亲的鬼魂后，他常常想到亡父以及他对鬼魂所做的承诺。他一天比一天更加悲伤，已经不再像是从前那位年轻、快乐的王子了。在他父亲去世之前，他对很多事情都有兴趣，例如读书、艺术、音乐和戏剧。但是现在他把那些兴趣都放弃了。对每个人来说，他的行为举止似乎非常怪异。他对城堡中的每个人都很粗暴，言行举止像个疯子一样。
他几乎不曾跟他深爱的美丽的欧菲莉亚说过话。以前，他们会在离城堡不远的树林里散步，愉快地谈心。他会很甜蜜很温柔地跟她说话，因而欧菲莉亚深爱着他，但是如今他变了很多。因此，欧菲莉亚的父亲普罗尼尔斯因为哈姆雷特怪异的行为举止而不希望他的女儿再爱他。
One day Hamlet came to Ophelia, who was knitting in her room, and spoke wildly to her. He appeared half-naked, wearing a dirty shirt with no hat on his head. She gave back all the letters and valuable rings that she had received from Hamlet.
"I will not meet you anymore," she said to him. Hamlet left her, feeling even more miserable.
She told her father everything that had occurred in her room. When Polonius heard this from his daughter, he believed he knew what had made Hamlet go mad. He thought that Hamlet had gone mad because of his love for Ophelia . Polonius went to Claudius and Gertrude to let them know what caused Hamlet's madness. He told them that the love affair between Hamlet and Ophelia was the true cause of his madness.
Claudius always doubted what he heard from his men. He commanded two men who used to be Hamlet' s friends when they were children to find out the true reason why he had been acting so strangely recently. He also asked Polonius to arrange an unexpected meeting of the two lovers so that they could carefully observe Hamlet' s behavior.
有一天，哈姆雷特来找正在房内编织的欧菲莉亚，并且粗鲁蛮横地跟她说话。他穿着一件脏衬衫，没有戴帽子，半裸地出现在她面前。她还给他从他那儿收到的所有信件和珍贵的戒指。
“我不想再看到你，”她对他说。哈姆雷特离开了他，内心感到更加痛苦。
欧菲莉亚把在房内发生的一切事情告诉他的父亲。当普罗尼尔斯从她女儿口中听到这件事时，他相信他知道是什么原因使得哈姆雷特发疯。他认为哈姆雷特是因为爱欧菲莉亚才发疯的。普罗尼尔斯去见克劳迪斯和葛楚德，让他们知道造成哈姆雷特发疯的原因。普罗尼尔斯禀告他们，哈姆雷特和欧菲莉亚之间的爱情才是哈姆雷特发疯的真正原因。
克劳迪斯总是怀疑从他的手下那边听来的消息。他命令小时候曾经是哈姆雷特的朋友的两名手下去找出为什么哈姆雷特最近行为这么怪异的真正原因。他也要求普罗尼尔斯去为这对情人安排一次意外的相会，以便他们能够仔细观察哈姆雷特的举止表现。
Hamlet' s two old friends met him when he was saying some strange things to himself alone in the hall of the castle. They begged him to tell them the true cause of his madness. But he would not tell them anything, and instead made fools of them.
One day when Hamlet was unhappy and worried by the memory of the ghost and the promise he had made, a group of actors came to visit him. They were the same players that Hamlet used to enjoy seeing. He welcomed them. Then they acted a short play for him.
It was a sad story about a good king who was poisoned to death by his brother. And this man became king and married the queen. They played it so well, with tears in their eyes, that the scene seemed real. While Hamlet was watching them, he felt very angry with himself. He said to himself, "Those players can cry for the sad king whom they have never met. But in my case I have done nothing at all for my poor father who was killed by my uncle Claudius. What a coward I am!"
When the play was over, he thought of a good plan. He decided to have them play it once again in front of the king and queen the next day. He also asked them to add a few lines of his own to the play so that he could make the play more like what had happened to his father. Hamlet said to himself, "If Claudius is really guilty, his face will turn pale while he is watching the play. Then I will know that what the ghost told me is true. I will watch his face very carefully."
哈姆雷特的两位老友见到他时，他正独自一个人在城堡里胡言乱语。他们请求他告诉他们他发疯的真正原因，但是他非但没有告诉他们，反而还捉弄他们。
有一天，当哈姆雷特想到父亲的鬼魂和他对鬼魂所做的承诺而显得郁郁寡欢和忧虑时，一群演员来看他。他们是哈姆雷特以前喜爱观赏的同一群演员。哈姆雷特欢迎他们的到来，接着他们为他表演一出短剧。
那是叙述一位好国王被他的弟弟毒死的悲伤故事。他的弟弟后来当了国王并且娶了皇后。他们含泪演出表演得真好，以致于这一幕戏好像是真的一样。当哈姆雷特看着他们表演的时候，他对自己感到非常的生气。他对自己说：“那些演员可以为这个他们从没见过面的悲哀的国王而哭泣，而以我的立场，我却没有为被我叔叔克劳迪斯杀死的可怜的父亲尽过任何力。我真是一个懦夫！”
这出戏结束时，他想到了一个好计划。他决定要他们隔天在国王和皇后面前再表演一次，他也要求他们在剧中加一些他自己想的台词，以使这出戏更像发生在他父亲身上的事。哈姆雷特对自己说：“假如克劳迪斯真的有罪，当他在观赏这出戏时，他的脸将会变得苍白。那个时候我就会相信鬼魂告诉我的事是真的，我会非常仔细地注意他脸上的表情。”
He told his plan to Horatio, his best friend in the castle, and also asked him to watch the king' s face with the greatest care.
Hamlet went to the king and queen to tell them that he would like to invite them to a play the next evening. They agreed to see the play. They hoped that Hamlet was at last getting better and would come to accept them as his father and mother. He said good night to Claudius and Gertrude, pretending that he was happy that night.
On his way back to his own room, he met Ophelia, who looked so sad and unhappy in the hall. The king and Polonius were hiding behind the curtains of the hall, trying to listen to their conversation.
Hamlet said to Ophelia, "I don' t love you anymore. We are all dirty animals on this earth. Ophelia, you are one of these dirty ones, too. Go to a nunnery. Go away right now, you dirty woman!"
Ophelia was too surprised at his words to say anything to him. It was such a strange and mad thing to say. Polonius thought his guess was right. But the king still doubted Hamlet' s madness.
The king, the queen and Polonius entered a large room where the play was to be shown to the whole court. The king sat with the queen. Hamlet sat by the side of Ophelia. Horatio sat facing the king in order to watch him carefully.
他把他的计划告诉在城堡内的挚友荷瑞修，也要他很仔细地注意国王脸上的表情。
哈姆雷特去见国王和皇后，告诉他们他想邀请他们隔天晚上去欣赏戏剧。他们同意去看这出戏。他们希望哈姆雷特的病情终于能好转起来，并能渐渐接受他们做他的父母亲。哈姆雷特向克劳迪斯和葛楚德说晚安，那天晚上并装出很愉快的样子。
在回到他房间的路上，他在大厅遇到欧菲莉亚，她看起来既伤心又难过。国王和普罗尼尔斯躲在大厅的窗帘后面，设法要听到他们在说些什么。
哈姆雷特对欧菲莉亚说：“我不再爱你了。我们都是世上卑劣的动物。欧菲莉亚，你也是其中之一，去女修道院，现在就去，你这卑劣的女人。”
欧菲莉亚对于他所说的话大感吃惊，以致于搭不上他的话。说出这样的字眼真是荒诞疯狂。普罗尼尔斯认为他的猜测是正确的。但是国王仍旧对哈姆雷特发疯一事感到怀疑。
国王、皇后和普罗尼尔斯走进一间大房间，这出戏即将在这里表演给整个宫廷的人欣赏。国王和皇后坐在一起，哈姆雷特从在欧菲莉亚的旁边，荷瑞修面对国王坐下来为了能仔细地注意他。
The play began. In the play the king and queen were talking on the bench in the beautiful garden. The queen said to the king, "I will love you forever. I will never marry another man if you should die before me. Only women that kill their husbands marry again. " The king in the play was very glad to hear this. As the king fell asleep, the queen left him alone. Just after she left, the king's brother came near the sleeping king and poured a deadly poison into his ear. He was soon killed by this cunning brother who had long wanted to become king and marry the queen.
Seeing this scene, Claudius turned pale and became very angry. He shouted, "Stop the play at once. " He stood up and went out of the room with the queen.
Horatio and Hamlet saw the king show every sign of fear and anger. Hamlet was now quite sure that the ghost had told him the truth. He himself became excited and firmly decided to revenge his father as soon as he could. When the queen came back into her room, she was very worried about her son, who had made the king furious. She wanted to know why Hamlet asked the group of players to show such a disgraceful play before the king. She sent for Hamlet.
这出戏开始演出了。戏里的国王和皇后正坐在美丽的花园里的长椅上聊天。皇后对国王说：“我永远爱你！万一你比我先死的话，我决不会再嫁给其他的男人。只有杀死他们丈夫的女人才会再嫁。”戏中的国王听到这席话很高兴。国王睡着时，皇后留下他独自一人。就在皇后离去之后，国王的弟弟靠近熟睡中的国王，把致命的毒药倒入耳朵里面。国王很快就被这个长久以来一直渴望成为国王并且娶到皇后的狡猾的弟弟毒死。
克劳迪斯一看到这幕戏，脸色变得苍白，而且感到非常愤怒。他大声叫喊：“立刻停演。”他站起来跟皇后走出这个房间。
荷瑞修和哈姆雷特看到国王显露出种种害怕、愤怒的迹象。哈姆雷特此时十分确信鬼魂告诉他的真相。他本人显得很激动，并下定决定要尽快替他父亲报仇。皇后回到他的房间里时，很为激怒国王的儿子担忧。她想知道为什么哈姆雷特要这群演员在国王面前表演这么可耻的戏剧。她派人去请哈姆雷特过来。
Hamlet hurriedly walked to her room where she was uneasily waiting for him. On the way to his mother' s room, Hamlet saw Claudius kneeling down to pray in his room. He thought he could kill him right then. But he did not do it. He said to himself, "If I kill him when he is praying to God, he will not go to hell. I had better kill him when he is angry or doing something bad. Then he is sure to go to hell. " So he stopped thinking of killing Claudius for the moment.
Hamlet did not know that the doubting king had commanded Polonius to hide behind the curtains in the queen' s room so that he could see what might happen there. As soon as Hamlet came into her room, his mother began to scold him for what he had done to the king. She said angrily, "You have made your father very angry. You must beg his pardon."
Hamlet would not listen to her, but answered back. He said, "It is you who are to blame. You married that unkind and unkingly uncle of mine so soon after my father' s death.
You should be ashamed of your deed. I will never accept him as my father. He does not deserve to be King of Denmark. I will tell you again. It is not I but you and that dirty Claudius that should repent."
哈姆雷特匆忙地走向她的房间，那时她正在房间内不安地等候他。在去他母亲房间的路上，哈姆雷特看到克劳迪斯跪在他的房间内祷告。他心想他现在可以杀了克劳迪斯，但是他并没有这样做。他对自己说：“我若在他向上帝祷告的时候杀了他，他将不会下地狱。我最好在他生气或是做错事的时候杀他，这样他就一定会下地狱。” 于是他此刻先抛开想杀克劳迪斯的念头。
哈姆雷特不知道这位疑心的国王早已命令普罗尼尔斯躲在皇后房内的窗帘后面，以便他能看到那里可能发生的事。哈姆雷特一走进她的房间，他的母亲就为他对国王所做的事开始责骂他。她很生气地说：“你激怒了你的父亲，你必须去请求他原谅你。”
哈姆雷特不听她的话，反而顶嘴说：“该受责备的是你。你在我父亲去世后这么快就嫁给我那个心怀不仁、不配当国王的叔叔。你才应该为你的行为感到羞耻。我绝不接受他做我的父亲。他没有资格当丹麦的国王。我再告诉你一遍，该忏悔的不是我，而是你和那个卑劣的克劳迪斯。”
